You are absolutely right in thinking that shooting in raw gives you more information to work with than a lossy format like .jpg that processes the raw capture in camera, throws way everything except the 8 bits the format can handle and then compresses it.
I think the P1000 uses NRW format raw files and not the NEF format the DSLR and MILCs use. Set your camera to capture RAW files (page 121 in the reference manual).
When you get to a computer, ingest the file using either a card reader or your camera and an USB cable (I much prefer a reader).
Depending on what editor you have installed, you can either use the raw converter built-in in your editor or use some other software to convert your raw file to something usable for further editing (if needed).
If you decide to use a standalone raw converter that doesn't have any pixel editing capabilities, such as Nikon View NX-i or Capture NX-D, export to .tif for further editing when you are ready to work beyond what the converter can do or are simply finished with the file.